The Greysouthen star, who was left out of Thomas Tuchel's original squad, has been drafted in after fellow keeper Nick Pope withdrew.
Manchester City keeper Trafford joins fellow Cumbrian Dean Henderson in the Three Lions ranks ahead of Thursday's World Cup qualifying group game against Serbia and Sunday's trip to Albania.
Newcastle United's Pope, who replaced Trafford in the initial squad, is out with concussion following the Magpies' defeat to Brentford in the Premier League.
Nick Pope's concussion-enforced withdrawal has seen Trafford recalled by England (Image: PA)
He is one of two withdrawals from Tuchel's squad, with Newcastle team-mate Anthony Gordon also pulling out with injury. He has been replaced by Chelsea's Trevoh Chalobah.
Trafford, 23, was in Tuchel's first squads but was left out of the latest squad after losing his first-team place at Man City to Gianluigi Donnarumma.
His club manager Pep Guardiola, though, has reaffirmed his belief in Trafford by saying that he expects the Cumbrian to be England's No1 eventually.
Trafford's call-up means all three keepers in the England squad have Carlisle United connections, with both Trafford and Henderson having both been part of the Blues' academy, while regular Three Lions No1, Everton's Jordan Pickford, is a former Carlisle loanee.
The updated England squad is:
Goalkeepers: Dean Henderson (Crystal Palace), Jordan Pickford (Everton), James Trafford (Manchester City)
Defenders: Dan Burn (Newcastle United), Marc Guéhi (Crystal Palace), Reece James (Chelsea), Ezri Konsa (Aston Villa), Nico O'Reilly (Manchester City), Jarell Quansah (Bayer Leverkusen), Djed Spence (Tottenham Hotspur), John Stones (Manchester City)
Midfielders: Elliot Anderson (Nottingham Forest), Jude Bellingham (Real Madrid), Jordan Henderson (Brentford), Declan Rice (Arsenal), Morgan Rogers (Aston Villa), Alex Scott (AFC Bournemouth), Adam Wharton (Crystal Palace)
Forwards: Jarrod Bowen (West Ham United), Eberechi Eze (Arsenal), Phil Foden (Manchester City), Trevoh Chalobah (Chelsea), Harry Kane (Bayern Munich), Marcus Rashford (Barcelona, loan from Manchester United), Bukayo Saka (Arsenal)