Vitinha's seventh-minute strike gave the hosts the lead at the Parc des Princes after a controversial opening to their final Champions League league phase clash, which had seen Nick Pope save Ousmane Dembélé's penalty just before the deadlock-breaker.
Lewis Miley was penalised for handball after a VAR review inside the first minute, when Bradley Barcola's low cross was blocked by Botman and cannoned back off the United midfielder's arm via Barcola.
Pope superbly repelled Dembélé's spot kick, diving low to his left to keep it out, but could do little about Vitinha's well-taken 20-yarder which gave the hosts the advantage.
Miley had a brief sight of goal shortly after when Joe Willock's cross was palmed out to him by Matvey Safonov, but his left-footed shot was too high.
And Luis Enrique's men dominated the first period though without forcing many further interventions from Pope, with Willian Pacho hooking a cross from substitute Désiré Doué over the bar.
But Willock's header in added time - arrowed into the corner after Dan Burn had helped on a long free kick from Sandro Tonali - levelled the scores in the half's closing moments.
United started the second half well after that leveller, with Jacob Ramsey testing Safonov after a swift breakaway led by Lewis Hall and Nick Woltemade. Just before the hour mark, they had the ball in the net again when Willock raced onto Hall's clipped pass and slotted under PSG's Russian goalkeeper, but it was ruled out for offside.
At the other end, Warren Zaïre-Emery sliced wide of the target and Barcola lashed over after twisting and turning in the Newcastle box, while Vitinha's long-range effort was comfortably stopped by Pope.
Dembélé then tried to find the top corner to no avail with a curling shot that flew over, before the Ballon d'Or winner fired Nuno Mendes' low centre just past the upright.
Howe responded by sending on Anthony Gordon and Harvey Barnes for the final quarter as the Magpies sought a winner, and Gordon tried from distance but saw his effort palmed away by Safonov. The England international then fed Ramsay on the counter attack, but Marquinhos got himself in the way of the shot.
**Newcastle United:** Nick Pope, Lewis Hall, Sven Botman, Sandro Tonali, Malick Thiaw, Anthony Elanga (Anthony Gordon 67), Nick Woltemade, Joe Willock (Harvey Barnes 67), Dan Burn (c), Jacob Ramsey, Lewis Miley
**Substitutes:** Aaron Ramsdale, Aidan Harris, Kieran Trippier, Yoane Wissa, Will Osula, Jacob Murphy, Alex Murphy, Bruno Guimarães, Leo Shahar