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Scientists have discovered that a certain type of bacteria in the gut may play a role in causing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in people who are already at risk for the disease. This important finding could help scientists find new ways to prevent or treat RA in the future.
RA is a serious disease that happens when the immune system attacks the body’s own joints. This leads to pain, swelling, and stiffness, making everyday activities difficult.
While the exact cause of RA is still not fully understood, experts believe both genetics and environmental factors play a role.
In this study, researchers from the University of Colorado and other institutions focused on bacteria found in the gut of people who were at risk for RA. They collected blood samples from these individuals and isolated antibodies—proteins made by the immune system to fight threats like viruses or bacteria.
The scientists then mixed these antibodies with stool samples from the same people to see if the antibodies would react to any specific bacteria.
Through this process, they found a unique type of gut bacteria that seemed to be recognized by the immune system of people at risk for RA. To test whether this bacteria might actually contribute to the disease, the researchers introduced it into animal models.
They found that the animals developed the same immune markers seen in people with RA. Some of the animals even developed full RA symptoms, such as joint inflammation.
This discovery suggests that this particular bacteria might be a trigger for RA in those who are genetically predisposed to the disease. The immune system in these individuals reacts to the bacteria in a way that leads to joint inflammation. In contrast, healthy individuals did not show the same immune response to the bacteria.
The findings raise the possibility that, in the future, doctors might be able to target these bacteria with medication or other treatments to prevent RA from developing in at-risk individuals. However, more research is needed to understand exactly how these bacteria cause the immune system to attack the joints and how this process can be stopped.
This study took five years to complete and was made possible by volunteers who knew they were at risk for RA and wanted to help scientists learn more about the disease. The researchers hope their work will lead to better treatments and possibly even prevention strategies for people with RA.
How to Reduce the Risk of RA
While there is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, some lifestyle habits may help lower the risk or slow down its progression.
Exercise regularly – Gentle activities like walking, swimming, and yoga can strengthen muscles, improve joint flexibility, and reduce inflammation.
Maintain a healthy weight – Extra weight puts more strain on the joints, increasing the risk of RA and making symptoms worse.
Eat a balanced diet – Eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats may help reduce inflammation in the body.
Avoid smoking – Smoking has been linked to a higher risk of RA and can make symptoms worse. Quitting smoking can lower the risk.
Get enough sleep – Restful sleep helps the body recover and reduces inflammation. Having a regular sleep routine and avoiding screens before bed may help improve sleep quality.
Manage stress – Stress can make RA symptoms worse. Relaxation techniques like meditation, deep breathing, and yoga can help reduce stress levels.
Talk to a doctor – If you have a family history of RA or other risk factors, a doctor may recommend early screening or medications that could help prevent or slow the disease.
Early detection and treatment are important. If you notice joint pain or stiffness that does not go away, see a doctor as soon as possible.
This research was led by Kristine Kuhn and her team and was published in Science Translational Medicine.
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