While electrical tapes can be of various colors, you'll mainly find electricians using only these colors: red, black, blue, brown, orange, yellow, violet, green, white, and gray. These have different meanings in the U.S. than internationally. For instance, red electrical tape in the U.S. is used on a wire carrying phase B, low-voltage current. But internationally, it represents sheath 415V three-phase.
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Black electrical tape is probably what electricians use most, and its main purpose is to insulate wires. The next is blue electrical tape, used in low-voltage, phase C connections in the U.S. and low-voltage, neutral, sheath, 230 V internationally. Brown tape represents a high-voltage, phase A connection in the U.S. But internationally, it's used on a low-voltage, phase A connection.
If you see orange electrical tape in the U.S., the connection is carrying high voltage, phase B current. Outside the U.S., it indicates the wiring sheath color. Yellow tape is applied on high-voltage, phase C connections in the U.S., but internationally, it represents sheath 110 V wiring. Violet and white tapes are only used in the U.S.; they represent high-voltage, phase B and low-voltage, neutral connection, respectively.
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Green electrical tape represents earth grounding everywhere. Lastly, there's gray tape that U.S. electricians use on a high-voltage, neutral connection, but internationally, it represents a low-voltage, phase C connection.