Editorial Staff
Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS
Executive Editor Gregory Curfman, MD
Deputy Editors Linda Brubaker, MD, Mary L. (Nora) Disis, MD, Tracy A. Lieu, MD, MPH, Preeti N. Malani, MD, MSJ, Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, Christopher C. Muth, MD, Joseph S. Ross, MD, MHS, Kristin Walter, MD, MS
Executive Managing Editor Annette Flanagin
Managing Editor Stacy L. Christiansen
Senior Editors Derek C. Angus, MD, MPH, Anne Rentoumis Cappola, MD, ScM, Philip Greenland, MD, Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH
Associate Editors Rexford S. Ahima, MD, PhD, Rafael Campo, MD, MA, Anthony Charles, MD, MPH, Beverly A. Forsyth, MD, Yulin Hswen, ScD, MPH, John M. Inadomi, MD, Karen E. Joynt Maddox, MD, MPH, Rohan Khera, MD, MS, Michael Lipnick, MD, Gregory M. Marcus, MD, MAS, David H. Mark, MD, MPH, Pradeep Natarajan, MD, MMSc, Kimmie Ng, MD, MPH, George T. O’Connor, MD, MS, Victor E. Ortega, MD, PhD, Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc, Gil D. Rabinovici, MD, Jeffrey L. Saver, MD, Stephen Schenkel, MD, MPP, David Schriger, MD, MPH, Christopher W. Seymour, MD, MSc, David L. Simel, MD, MHS, Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH, Rudolf Uher, MD, PhD, Margaret B. Wheeler, MD, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer, MD, MPH, ScD
Statistical Editors Roger J. Lewis, MD, PhD, Issa J. Dahabreh, MD, ScD, Laura A. Hatfield, PhD, Patrick J. Heagerty, PhD, Romain Pirracchio, MD, MPH, PhD
Statistical Reviewers Lars W. Andersen, MD, PhD, MPH, Susan B. Brogly, PhD, MSc, Sylvie Chevret, MD, PhD, Yu-Han Chiu, MD, ScD, Jody D. Ciolino, PhD, Sofia Dias, PhD, Valerie L. Durkalski-Mauldin, PhD, Thomas J. Hoffmann, PhD, MA, Matthias Kirch, MS, Chaya Moskowitz, PhD, Christopher J. Paciorek, PhD, Michael J. Pencina, PhD, Denise M. Scholtens, PhD, Jon Steingrimsson, PhD, Rajeshwari Sundaram, PhD, MStat, Joseph S. Wislar, MS
Fishbein Fellow Krista Roberts, MD, MPH
Legal and Global Health Correspondent Lawrence O. Gostin, JD
Editorial Fellows Hannah Decker, MD, MAS, Leah Estrada, PhD, RN, Robert Gallo, MD, Adina Kern-Goldberger, MD, MPH, MSCE, David-Dan Nguyen, MDCM, MPH, Manan Pareek, MD, PhD, Kathy Sliwinski, PhD, MBE, RN, Francesca Sperotto, MD, PhD, Rebecca Tsevat, MD, MS, Lachelle Weeks, MD, PhD
Medical News & Perspectives Jennifer Abbasi (director); Kate Schweitzer (associate managing editor); Rita Rubin (lead senior staff writer)
Communications and Engagement Jennifer Zeis (director); Jim Michalski (senior public information officer); Wendy K. Lee (social media manager); Alexandra Marusarz (communications specialist); Reuben Rios (senior social media specialist)
Senior Editorial Coordinators Kate Pezalla, Jennifer Reiling
Manuscript Editing Miriam Y. Cintron (assistant managing editor); Nicole FioRito, Emily A. Greenhow, Joy K. Jaeger, Phil Sefton, Beverly Stewart (senior manuscript editors); Kate Lander, Cara Wallace (manuscript editors)
Editorial Graphics Karen Bucher, Andy Rekito (managers and senior medical illustrators); Lohitha Kethu, Nicholas Reback (medical illustrators); David Song (editorial graphics coordinator)
Digital Media Production Matthew O’Connor (director); Elena Guobyte (manager); R. Patrick Lile, Daniel Morrow, Daniel Musisi, Shelly Steffens (producers); Lisa Hardin (administrator)
Editorial Systems and Services Monica Mungle (director); Lee Calibeo (editing systems manager); Lenette Gardner-Gullens (pre-editing and QC manager); Tosca Hall, Kenneth Otani (pre-editing and QC senior assistants); Jordan Faber, Roisin Maguire, Angelia Waltower (pre-editing and QC assistants)
Content Management System Erin Kato (director); Andrew Given (systems administrator)
Editorial Systems and Administration Jacob Kendall-Taylor (director); Anna Wietraszuk (systems specialist); Michaela Mark (systems administrator)
Strategic Programs and Initiatives Hannah Park (managing director); Lindsay Dawson (senior program manager); Caroline Sietmann (author outreach program manager); Mary Lynn Ferkaluk (manager); Dawn Cortez (coordinator)
Budgets and Operations Marla A. Jefferson (director); Cheryl Sykes (manager); Julissa Santos, Deanna Willis (senior executive assistants); Yolanda Davis (senior library services coordinator)
Senior Editorial Assistants Colleen Baffoe, Carmina Conley, Audrey Forman, Rachell M. Lozano, Rosa E. Miranda, Lupe Morales, Sylvia Orellana, Josie Sheehy, Wendy Whitehead
Editorial Counsel Joseph P. Thornton, JD
Editorial Board
Katrina Armstrong, MD, New York, New York
L. Ebony Boulware, MD, MPH, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Atul J. Butte, MD, PhD, San Francisco, California
Francisco G. Cigarroa, MD, San Antonio, Texas
David M. Cutler, PhD, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Carlos del Rio, MD, Atlanta, Georgia
Ezekiel J. Emanuel, MD, PhD, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lee Goldman, MD, MPH, New York, New York
Howard K. Koh, MD, MPH, Boston, Massachusetts
Elizabeth A. McGlynn, PhD, Pasadena, California
Raina M. Merchant, MD, MSHP, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Steven E. Nissen, MD, Cleveland, Ohio
Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH, Dallas, Texas
Griffin Rodgers, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
Joshua M. Sharfstein, MD, Baltimore, Maryland
William W. Stead, MD, Nashville, Tennessee
Everett E. Vokes, MD, Chicago, Illinois
John E. L. Wong, MBBS, Singapore
JAMA Network Editorial Board
Robert O. Bonow, MD, MS, Editor, JAMA Cardiology
Neil Bressler, MD, Editor, JAMA Ophthalmology
Dimitri Christakis, MD, MPH, Editor, JAMA Pediatrics
Mary L. (Nora) Disis, MD, Editor, JAMA Oncology
Sandro Galea, MD, MPH, DrPH, Editor, JAMA Health Forum
Sharon K. Inouye, MD, MPH, Editor, JAMA Internal Medicine
S. Andrew Josephson, MD, Editor, JAMA Neurology
Melina R. Kibbe, MD, Editor, JAMA Surgery
Dost Öngür, MD, PhD, Editor, JAMA Psychiatry
Eli N. Perencevich, MD, MS, Editor, JAMA Network Open
Jay F. Piccirillo, MD, Editor, JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
Kanade Shinkai, MD, PhD, Editor, JAMA Dermatology
Roy H. Perlis, MD, MSc, Editor in Chief, JAMA+ AI
Journal Oversight Committee
Neil R. Powe, MD, MPH, MBA (chair), San Francisco, California
Donald M. Berwick, MD, MPP, Boston, Massachusetts
Frederick M. Chen, MD, MPH, Chicago, Illinois
Julie Ann Freischlag, MD, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Penelope A. Lewis, PhD, Poughkeepsie, New York
Juanita Merchant, MD, PhD, Tucson, Arizona
Lucila Ohno-Machado, MD, MBA, PhD, Hamden, Connecticut
Former Editors
Nathan S. Davis, MD (1883-1888)
John B. Hamilton, MD (1889, 1893-1898)
John H. Hollister, MD (1889-1891)
James C. Culbertson, MD (1891-1893)
Truman W. Miller, MD (1899)
George H. Simmons, MD (1899-1924)
Morris Fishbein, MD (1924-1949)
Austin Smith, MD (1949-1958)
Johnson F. Hammond, MD (1958-1959)
John H. Talbott, MD (1959-1969)
Hugh H. Hussey, MD (1970-1973)
Robert H. Moser, MD (1973-1975)
William R. Barclay, MD (1975-1982)
George D. Lundberg, MD (1982-1999)
Catherine D. DeAngelis, MD, MPH (2000-2011)
Howard Bauchner, MD (2011-2021)
Periodical Publications Staff
Senior Vice President and Executive Publisher Thomas J. Easley
Group Vice President and Publisher Brian Shields
Vice President, Publishing Production Operations Karen Adams-Taylor
Vice President, Digital Product Management and Development Paul Gee
Vice President, Publishing Sales Anna Frazier
Staff Monica Smith, Rhonda Bailey Brown
Business Operations
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Advertising and Production Services Ahmed Avendano, Kim Boler, Fin Carter, Mike Deegan, Joan Hall, Joshua Lane, Barbara Marek, Cindy Rendlen, Janis Trinchere, Annissa Zak
Circulation Services Julie Burton, Ronna Hewitt, Mary Sieck, Geneine Van Someren, Jamaal Vargas
Content Production Systems Mike Bujewski, Nathan Mitre
Digital Production Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Dan Knowles, Joshua Lampinen, Natalie Marsh, Patricia E. Panek, Marla Seidell, La'son Diggs Sledge, Julian Wiley
Graphics Joe Amft, Jonathan Chala, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Kelley McDonald
Proofreading Carol Joy Farrell, Maria Giannini, Sasha Grossman, Judith A. Literskis, Teresa H. Omiotek, Michael Ryder
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Advertising Sales, Marketing and Research Mark Thornbury (director)
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Health Systems & Recruitment Advertising Meghan Thue (coordinator); Sade DeRamus-Townsend, Thalia Moss (media consultants); Samantha Bauer, Hank Eurich (recruitment consultants)
Print and Online Sales and Marketing
Worldwide Sales Vida Damijonaitis (director); Henry Aguillon (Americas regional manager), Gretchen Linder (Europe/Middle East/Africa regional manager), Brian McCartney (Asia Pacific regional manager); Christine Hearne, Natasha Nekola (sales representatives); David Baum (licensing manager)
Marketing Emi Nakamura, Elizabeth Solaro (directors); Chris Borden, Ean Gomez, Michael McGraw, Morgan Osgood, Colleen Tricarico (managers); Veronica Bosha, Millette Jackson-Bates, Craig Nieman
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