Although tugboats are small, they are among the most powerful vessels on the water. Designed for strength over speed, these small powerhouses use reliable diesel engines and powerful propulsion systems to tow, push, and guide some of the world's biggest ships. Their high maneuvering ability allows them to assist cargo ships in docking, move giant cruise liners around, and even save vessels that run aground. Whether weaving through tight waterways or working in busy ports, tugboats contribute significantly to keeping maritime traffic moving safely and efficiently.
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One of the most eye-catching sights in tugboat operations is their dramatic water sprays, often leaving onlookers wondering about their purpose. At first sight, you might think the boat is just putting on a show or that the water is an incidental effect of its activities. However, these sprays serve some specific, practical purposes that help the boat operate safely in the conditions it faces. Let's take a look at why tugboats spray water while towing ships.
Cooling, maintenance, and safety
A tugboat shooting water for a firefighting purpose Anton Minin/Getty Images
One of the primary reasons tugboats spray water is to prevent their engines from overheating. The engines, thrusters, and exhaust systems produce a lot of heat, which can lead to wear and tear, or even fire hazards, if not properly managed. While they have internal cooling systems, spraying water over engine room vents and exhaust stacks provides extra cooling, allowing the tugboat to operate more efficiently.
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Another reason is bilge maintenance. Over time, water can build up in the bilge—the lowest part of the boat—due to leaks, condensation, or turbulent seas. The boat dislodges the excess water by spraying, which prevents rust or damage and keeps the tugboat stable. Water sprays also come in handy for cleaning the deck. Tugboats are constantly exposed to oil spills, debris, and sea spray, which can make decks slippery. A strong jet of water removes the dirt and grime, cleaning the surface and reducing the risk of accidents. Beyond maintenance, tugboats sometimes use water sprays as signals. A short spray could signal "ready to tow," while a longer burst could be a warning or distress signal if radio contact isn't possible. This is an effective way to convey a message in busy and noisy ports, for instance.
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Tugboats also deploy water sprays as a firefighting tactic. When escorting ships carrying hazardous cargo such as oil or chemicals, a tugboat may spray water to reduce fire risks. This keeps the area cool and damp, which prevents flammable vapors from igniting. If a fire does break out, the tugboat can quickly with its powerful water cannons, preventing the fire from spreading to other vessels or port facilities.
Celebratory salutes and symbolic gestures
A tugboat spraying colored water streams Franz Airiman/Shutterstock
Tugboats don't spray water just for practical reasons—they also do it to celebrate. This tradition, known as a water salute, is typically reserved for prestigious and historically significant warships and cargo vessels, much like the ceremonial water salutes given at airports. One of the most common reasons for a water salute is to celebrate a ship's arrival or departure. New cruise ships, naval vessels, and commercial ships on their first trip often receive this ceremonial send-off as a wish for good fortune and safe travels. Likewise, when a ship retires, tugboats shoot water as a final salute before it is decommissioned.
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Water salutes are also a highlight at maritime festivals like the Hamburg Port Anniversary, port openings, and historic anniversaries. They commemorate prominent guests, maritime heroes, and emergency responders. Tugboats often synchronize their sprays to create a spectacular display, and in some cases, organizers add colored dyes to make the spectacle more memorable.