Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, discover brand new one-dimensional diffraction patterns in two-dimensional nanomaterials, with exciting implications
Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, discover brand new one-dimensional diffraction patterns in two-dimensional nanomaterials, with exciting implications
A team of Japanese researchers has discovered an entirely new type of interference pattern that could reshape how engineers design future electronic components. By precisely twisting layers of an unusual material, they’ve created a never-before-seen pattern of parallel stripes that defies conventional physics understanding.
The discovery, published in the journal ACS Nano, happened when scientists at the Institute of Industrial Science at the University of Tokyo experimented with larger twist angles between atomic layers than typically studied.
“The resulting pattern is a series of parallel stripes,” explained Yijin Zhang, one of the corresponding authors of the study. “Typical interference patterns look like two-dimensional arrays of bright spots. These one-dimensional bands are completely distinct from all previously known patterns.”
Anyone who has ever seen two window screens slightly misaligned or overlapping patterns on fabric has witnessed what scientists call the moiré effect—the beautiful interference patterns that emerge when similar structures overlap. These patterns aren’t just visually fascinating; they fundamentally alter how materials behave at the quantum level.
Most research has focused on small twist angles between atomic layers—just a few degrees of rotation. This is because scientists believed larger angles would make the patterns too small to be useful. But the Tokyo team decided to challenge this assumption by exploring much larger angles in a material called tungsten ditelluride.
Using powerful transmission electron microscopes and theoretical modeling, the researchers discovered that at precisely 61.767° and 58.264° of rotation, something unexpected happens: instead of the typical dot-like pattern, perfectly straight parallel bands appear. Even a tenth of a degree difference in the twist angle causes the pattern to revert to normal spots.
“A more disordered lattice means fewer constraints on the twist angle,” explained senior author Tomoki Machida. “By choosing to study this material, we are free to explore the patterns that emerge when the angle is increased significantly.”
Tungsten ditelluride’s unusual atomic structure—composed of distorted quadrilaterals rather than the honeycomb patterns found in materials like graphene—appears to be key to this discovery. This structural quirk allows for these remarkable patterns to form at specific large angles.
The findings could have far-reaching implications for designing new electronic devices. Most electronic components conduct electricity equally in all directions, but these one-dimensional patterns could enable scientists to control the flow of electricity or heat along specific paths.
“Moiré patterns govern the optoelectronic properties of materials, so this discovery opens the door for engineering materials with uniquely anisotropic properties,” said Zhang. “For example, it may soon be possible to tune nanomaterials to conduct heat or electricity in a particular direction.”
This precision control could be particularly valuable for ultra-efficient electronics, quantum computing components, or thermal management in tiny devices where directing heat away from sensitive components is crucial.
The research team believes this is just the beginning. They’re now searching for similar one-dimensional patterns in other materials and exploring practical applications for their discovery.
As the boundaries between physics, materials science, and art continue to blur at the nanoscale, these elegant stripe patterns may soon move from scientific curiosity to technological necessity—proving once again that in the quantum world, beauty and function often go hand in hand.
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