The incident took place during the match at St James’ Park on March 22.
A 45-year-old man from the Gateshead area was arrested on Tuesday (March 31). He was detained on suspicion of a racially-aggravated public order offence and has since been released on bail.
Sunderland defender Lutsharel Geertruida reported the abuse during the second half of the match, prompting referee Anthony Taylor to pause the game.
Detective Inspector Phil Guard of Northumbria Police said: "Racial abuse has absolutely no place in football or in our communities, and we will not tolerate this type of behaviour.
"Following proactive policing enquiries and close partnership working with both clubs and their supporters, a suspect has been arrested.
"They have since been bailed with robust conditions while the investigation continues.
"We will continue to work with clubs, supporters and partner agencies to tackle any form of criminality at football matches."
Sunderland's Lutsharel Geertruida in action against Newcastle (Image: Owen Humphreys/PA)
Newcastle United released a statement condemning the reported abuse, stating: "Our stance is clear – we do not tolerate discrimination of any form.
"We will work with the authorities to fully investigate and will ensure any individuals are identified and held accountable."
Sunderland also offered their support to the player and condemned the incident.
Newcastle United's St James' Park (Image: PA)
A spokesman said: "We stand with Lutsharel, who has our complete backing, and we commend him for displaying bravery and leadership by reporting this incident to the match officials.
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"Racism is completely unacceptable. It is abhorrent, and has no place in our game or in society.
"Football must be a safe and inclusive environment for everyone – without exception – and we will continue to work with the relevant authorities to support that aim."
Both clubs and authorities, including the Premier League, are continuing to assist with investigating the incident.